CleanStreets

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Key Points

  • CleanStreets is a UK Community Interest Company, set up to tackle smoking related litter.
  • It appears to be wholly funded by the Tobacco Manufacturers Association and/or its members: BAT, JTI and Imperial Brands.
  • CleanStreets has funded Keep Britain Tidy (KBT) since 2022.
  • Local authorities who work with CleanStreets or its grantees risk breaching Article 5.3 of the WHO FCTC.

CleanStreets was established as a Community Interest Company (CIC) in the UK in 2021.1 Its stated aim is to “understand and research the causes of smoking-related litter and tackle the behaviours that lead to smoking-related litter polluting the natural world”.2

CleanStreets appears to be directly and wholly funded by the Tobacco Manufacturers Association (TMA) and/or its members.234 In turn, CleanStreets funds the UK environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy, for “research and practical interventions into smoking-related litter”.5 It does not appear to fund any other organisations. See below for more information.

Cigarette filters pose a major environmental hazard. They are typically made of a plastic called cellulose acetate, which takes a long time to degrade and when it does releases poisonous chemicals – including nicotine.678 The tobacco industry has resisted proposals to reduce the environmental impact of filters.9 New variants of filtered cigarettes continue to be promoted to retailers by the industry and industry-linked actors.10 Tobacco companies use CSR strategies, including ‘greenwashing’, to present themselves as responsible corporations, and to distract from the overwhelming harm they cause to the environment.11 See Tobacco and the Environment for more information on this topic.

Background

CleanStreets was incorporated as a CIC in August 2021, and is registered at UK Companies House.112

Directors include two members of the UK House of Lords.113 Two other directors are trustees of Keep Britain Tidy.1314 See People below for details.

Relationship to the Tobacco Industry

Funded by the TMA

CleanStreets’s website states that it “secure[s] funding from all available sources”. However, it appears that its only source of funding is the TMA and its member companies. The CleanStreets website states that it has received:

a major grant from the member companies of the Tobacco Manufacturers’ Association (TMA), British American Tobacco UK Ltd., Imperial Tobacco Ltd., and Gallaher Ltd.[a member of the Japan Tobacco Group of Companies].”2

The CleanStreets financial reports filed with Companies House states it received grant funding, from three members of the TMA: Imperial Tobacco (Imperial Brands), Gallaher (Japan Tobacco International, JTI) and British American Tobacco (BAT).151617 Grant income reported in CleanStreets annual financial statements was close to GB£5.9 million in 2021-2,17 GB£11.2 million in 2022-3,16 and GB£12.2 million in 2023-4.15 (All figures rounded)

Most of this was paid out in grants to Keep Britain Tidy (see below for details).

The directors (see below) also received remuneration: a total of GB£59,000 in 2021-2,17 GB£140,000 in 2022-3,16 and GB£97,000 in 2023-4.15 (Rounded)

Extended Producer Responsibility

In 2020, a government-industry roundtable attended by Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) and Keep Britain Tidy encouraged tobacco companies to consider developing a non-regulatory responsibility scheme.18 However, the government later appeared to favour regulation as a more effective approach; Rebecca Pow MP, then environment minister, said she wanted to look at how cigarette companies could be held fully responsible for the problem of cigarette litter.1819 20 Ministers appeared to be considering an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), or “polluter pays” scheme, in order to recoup around GB£40 million a year in clean-up costs, and potentially fund stop-smoking activities.19 However, this plan did not go ahead. In 2022, CleanStreets began funding Keep Britain Tidy (see below for details).21

EPR schemes are intended to reduce the burden of industrial damage to society. However, tobacco companies have also exploited EPR schemes in order to ‘greenwash’ their public image, while also taking the opportunity to interact with policy makers as a potential route to weakening health regulation.2223 CleanStreets states that its funding arrangement with the TMA does not prevent the introduction of a regulatory EPR scheme.24 However, EPR is most effective where the companies make financial reparations through taxes to government, and are excluded from practical activities.22

In 2025, the UK government said that it had no plans to introduce EPR or ban cigarette filters: “Defra believes the best way to tackle littering of filters is through reductions in smoking rates”. It cited the new Tobacco and Vapes Bill which aims to create a “smoke-free generation” (which became law in 2026).25 (See also Interference with Endgame Policies)

People

CleanStreets’s directors are listed on its website:13

  • David Maclean, Baron Blencathra. Member of the UK House of Lords. Shadow Minister, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).2627 Vice Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Parks and Green Spaces.28 In 2021, when the CleanStreets CIC was established, Lord Blencathra declared accepting hospitality from the TMA.29
    He was previously Deputy Chair of Natural England,303132 and a member of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). Both roles ended when there was a change of government in 2024.273334
    He supported an amendment to the 2026 Tobacco and Vapes Bill which proposed replacing the smokefree generation policy with a sales age of 21+,3536 and opposed the bill at the Second Reading.37 (See Interference with Endgame Policies) He has previously put forward arguments made by tobacco companies in a House of Lords sub-committee, in relation to plain packaging and illicit trade. See The Common Sense Alliance.
  • Lord Porter, Member of the UK House of Lords. Previously held roles in government departments responsible for housing and communities, from 2021 to 2024.38 He has not declared any interests in relation to the TMA.39 His registered interests include a directorship of Porter and Verrells Limited, whose clients include HG Innovation (an e-cigarette manufacturer in Hong Kong).3940
  • Ray Mills, Person with Significant Control (PSC) of CleanStreets CIC.1 Trustee of Keep Britain Tidy.41
  • Kresse Wesling, environmental entrepreneur. PSC of CleanStreets CIC.1 Trustee of Keep Britain Tidy.41
  • Dr Dannielle Green, Associate Professor of Ecology and the director of the Applied Ecology Research Group at Anglia Ruskin University.4243
  • Dr Martin Valenti, sustainability practitioner.

Activities: Keep Britain Tidy

The CleanStreets website states that it funds UK-wide work to reduce smoking-related litter, including billboard advertising, radio and TV campaigns, and social media activities.44 It states that it has funded research and campaign work under its cigarette-related litter programme, including a ‘Smoking-Related Litter’ research review, a baseline litter survey, and annual cigarette-related litter impact reports.45 It appears that Keep Britain Tidy have delivered most of these programmes.45

In November 2025, Lord Blencathra said during a House of Lords debate that CleanStreets “work hand in glove with Keep Britain Tidy, tackling cigarette litter on pavements”.46

Two directors of CleanStreets – Ray Mills and Kresse Wesling – are also Trustees of Keep Britain Tidy (see also People above).41 Allison Odgen-Newton OBE, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy since 2015, was appointed non-executive board member at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in 2025.4748

Previous work with tobacco companies

Keep Britain Tidy previously collaborated with tobacco companies on anti-litter and cigarette-waste campaigns.4950 In 2011, Keep Britain Tidy coordinated a “Love Where You Live” campaign, which was co-founded by Imperial Tobacco and JTI.505152 The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) was initially a partner, but in early 2013 the government stopped funding the campaign in order to comply with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In December 2013, Keep Britain Tidy announced that it would no longer work with or accept money from the tobacco industry.53 For details of this earlier campaign, see CSR: Imperial and Love Where You Live

CleanStreets funding

Financial statements published on the Charity Commission website show that Keep Britain Tidy’s income increased significantly after receiving grants from CleanStreets. 5455 Its reported total income in 2020-21 was GB£4.3 million.54 It received GB£9.6 million from CleanStreets in the first year of funding,56 GB£2 million in the second,56 and GB£1.2 million in the third.57 In 2025, its total reported income was over GB£16 million.54

Transparency

Keep Britain Tidy has a web page titled “Cigarette Butts Are Rubbish”. It states that between 2022 and 2024, it “reduced cigarette litter across the country by 17%”.58 As of May 2026, there appeared to be no reference to funding from CleanStreets on this web page, nor on the Donation and Fundraising page.59

Keep Britain Tidy published a statement on another page of its website in April 2026:

We believe that neither Keep Britain Tidy nor our partners delivering this important work have been in breach of the World Health Organisation’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Clause [sic] 5.3.”60

Keep Britain Tidy reports CleanStreets funding in its financial reports. As of May 2026, it does not state – either in these reports or on its website – that this funding comes from members of the TMA.54565761

Organisations working with government at all levels need to be transparent about their sources of income and declare any tobacco industry funding.62 It is not clear if local authorities approached to work with Keep Britain Tidy are being consistently informed that this work is funded by the tobacco industry.63

Undermining FCTC Article 5.3

In 2015 the TMA submitted evidence to the Communities and Local Government (CLG) Select Committee, arguing that UK local authorities – who were unwilling to work with the TMA – should take tobacco industry funding for tackling litter, and that this would not be a breach of article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.6453

CleanStreets also argues that it is not in breach of the FCTC:

For the avoidance of doubt, the activities of Cleanstreets do not involve promoting any tobacco products and, to the contrary, would in various ways emphasise the negative environmental impacts of cigarette litter. The Board of Cleanstreets operates entirely independently to its funders who have no involvement in the direction or work of Cleanstreets.”15

However, it states that it consults with officials in national and local government with responsibility for environmental and littering policy, as well as elected representatives.15 All UK Government bodies, including local authorities, are bound by article 5.3 of the FCTC,65 detailed in FCTC  implementation guidelines,62 and in UK government guidelines on engagement with the tobacco industry.6667

In April 2026, after The Times reported CleanStreets’s funding of Keep Britain Tidy,21 Action on Smoking and Health published a briefing note with the University of Bath’s Centre for 21st Century Public Health. This outlined “the compliance risks associated with partnerships between local authorities and Keep Britain Tidy”.68

CleanStreets’s website states that it has a “fully independent board of experts” and that:

“Campaigns delivered by those in receipt of grant funding from the CIC must not in any way normalise or grant agreement to promote smoking or tobacco products and this is written into all contracts”.24

However, the FCTC implementation guidelines, and UK guidance, make clear that organisations receiving funding from the tobacco industry are defined as part of the tobacco industry, and any engagement should be limited to actions that are necessary for regulation.6268 Normalisation of smoking or tobacco products is not the only risk. Any collaboration with tobacco companies or funded third parties risks normalising interaction with the tobacco industry, which is itself the biggest barrier to progress in tobacco control.

Consequently, the UK guidance states that:

“Voluntary or non-binding funding to support the work of departments or other public authorities should not be accepted directly or indirectly from the tobacco industry, under any circumstances.” 6667

Tobacco companies tend to shift responsibility for waste and litter to individual consumers, rather than focusing on reducing tobacco use. Whether industry funding is direct or indirect, there is a potential conflict of interest, for example if local authorities want to include stop smoking messages in public-facing materials.21

UK guidance also states that:

Organisations should not endorse, support, form partnerships with, or take part in activities of the tobacco industry that could be described as ‘socially responsible’.”6667

In May 2026, The Times reported that the UK minister for nature had, in October 2025, declined to support Keep Britain Tidy’s campaign, owing to it being tobacco industry-funded.69

Relevant Links

Briefing Note: Engagement with Keep Britain Tidy and Compliance with Article 5.3 of the FCTC, Action of Smoking and Health/Centre for 21st Century Public Health, April 2026

UK Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2025, Tobacco Control Research Group, 2025

Tobacco Tactics Resources

References

  1. abcdeUK Companies House, CleanStreets CIC, Company number 13542888, accessed April 2026
  2. abcCleanStreets, Who we are, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  3. R. Alebshehy, T. Gatehouse, K. Silver et al, UK Tobacco Industry Interference Index Report 2023, Tobacco Control Research Group, 2023. Available from tobaccotactics.org
  4. A.W.A. Gallagher, S. Braznell, S. Elmitwalli, D. Thomas, UK Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2025, Tobacco Control Research Group, 2025. Available from globaltobaccoindex.org
  5. Keep Britain Tidy, Annual Report & Financial Statements, 31 March 2024
  6. T.E. Novotny, K. Lum, E. Smith et al. Cigarettes butts and the case for an environmental policy on hazardous cigarette waste, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009, 6(5):1691-1705, doi:10.3390/ijerph6051691
  7. G. Bonanomi, G. Incerti, G. Cesarano, tet al. Cigarette butt decomposition and associated chemical changes assessed by 13C CPMAS NMRPLOS ONE, 2015;10(1):e0117393, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117393
  8. E. Slaughter, R.M. Gersberg, K. Watanabe, et al. Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fishTobacco Control, 2011, 20:i25-i29, doi:10.1136/tc.2010.040170
  9. European Commission, Synopsis Report Stakeholder Consultation, 28 May 2018, accessed April 2026
  10. C. Moodie, J.F. Thrasher, Y.J. Cho et al. Flavour capsule cigarettes continue to experience strong global growth, Tobacco Control, 2019, 28(5):595, doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054711
  11. STOP, The Dirt Behind Big Tobacco and the Environment, April 2021, accessed April 2026
  12. Note: A different company with a similar name was dissolved in 2013
  13. abcCleanStreets, Our Directors, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  14. Keep Britain Tidy, Governance, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  15. abcdeCleanStreets CIC, Directors’ Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024, Company number 13542888, UK Companies House, 22 May 2025
  16. abcCleanStreets CIC, Directors’ Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2023, Company number 13542888, UK Companies House, 28 May 2024
  17. abcCleanStreets CIC, Directors’ Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2022, Company number 13542888, UK Companies House, 4 May 2023
  18. abDepartment for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, Smoking related litter roundtable meeting, correspondence, 2 September 2020, accessed April 2026
  19. abA. Ralph, Tobacco companies fume at picking up tab for butt litter, The Times, 31 March 2021, accessed May 2026 (paywall)
  20. GOV.UK, Government explores next steps to clean up tobacco litter in England, press release, 30 March 2021, accessed April 2026
  21. abcA. Ralph, Tobacco industry gave millions to Keep Britain Tidy via middleman, The Times, 7 April 2026, accessed May 2026 (paywall)
  22. abD. Sy, C. Momas, E. Beguinot et al, Turning tobacco Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) into Extended Producer Liability (EPL): critical safeguards for the UN Plastics Treaty, Tobacco Control, Published Online First: 12 August 2025, doi:10.1136/tc-2024-058941
  23. Generations Sans Tabac/National Committee Against Smoking, The tobacco industry is behind the cigarette butt collection in France, website (translated), 21 July 2021, accessed May 2026
  24. abCleanStreets, Governance, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  25. UK Parliament, Tobacco: Litter, Answer to question for Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 5 June 2025
  26. UK Parliament, Lord Blencathra, Registered Interests, undated, accessed April 2026
  27. abLord Blencathra, Mace, undated, accessed April 2026
  28. UK Parliament, Lord Blencathra, APPG Officer Roles, accessed May 2026
  29. Joint Nature Conservatory Committee, Register of Interests, JNCC website, archived April 2024, accessed April 2026
  30. UK Government, New appointment to the Natural England Board, press release, 10 September 2021, accessed April 2026
  31. T. Hayes, Natural England appoints life peer as new deputy chairman, 1 August 2018, accessed April 2026
  32. Natural England, Annual Reports and Accounts 2019-20, undated, accessed April 2026
  33. Joint Nature Conservancy Committee, Register of Interests, JNCC website, archived November 2024, accessed April 2026
  34. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Annual Report and Accounts for year ending 31 March 2025, 4 December 2025, accessed May 2026
  35. UK Parliament, Tobacco and Vapes Bill, Votes in Parliament, 24 February 2026, accessed April 2026
  36. UK Parliament, Tobacco and Vapes Bill Volume 853, 24 February 2026. Available from hansard.parliament.uk
  37. UK Parliament, Tobacco and Vapes Bill Volume 845, 23 April 2025. Available from hansard.parliament.uk
  38. Lord Gary Porter CBE, gov.uk website, undated, accessed April 2026
  39. abUK Parliament , Lord Porter of Spalding, Registered Interests, members.parliament.uk website, accessed April 2026
  40. Porter and Verrels Ltd, Company number: 10068733, Companies House, accessed May 2026
  41. abcKeep Britain Tidy, Governance, website, undated, accessed May 2026
  42. Anglia Ruskin University, Dr Dannielle Green, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  43. Anglia Ruskin University, Applied Ecology Research Group, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  44. CleanStreets, What we do, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  45. abCleanStreets, Latest, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  46. UK Parliament, Litter on Canal Towpaths Volume 850, 20 November 2025. Available from hansard.parliament.uk
  47. GOV.UK, Allison Odgen-Newton OBE, website, undated, accessed April 2026
  48. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, Our governance, GOV.UK, undated, accessed May 2026
  49. UK Parliament Committees, Written evidence submitted by Japan Tobacco International, LIT 096, 2014, accessed April 2026
  50. abUK Parliament, Litter and fly-tipping in England, 2014, website, accessed April 2026
  51. UK Parliament, Written Evidence submitted by Keep Britain Tidy, Public Administration Committee, March 2011, accessed April 2026
  52. The Drum, Keep Britain Tidy launches ‘Love Where you Live’ ads, 20 September 2011, accessed April 2026
  53. abUK Parliament, Written evidence submitted by the Tobacco Manufacturers Association, LIT 095, October 2014. Available from committees.parliament.uk
  54. abcdKeep Britain Tidy, Charity number: 1071737, Charity Commission website, accessed May 2026
  55. E. Harle, Large grant causes Keep Britain Tidy’s income to more than triple, ThirdSector, 2 July 2024, accessed May 2026
  56. abcKeep Britain Tidy, Annual Report & Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 March 2023. Available from charitycommission.gov.uk
  57. abKeep Britain Tidy, Annual Report & Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 March 2024. Available from charitycommission.gov.uk
  58. Keep Britain Tidy, Cigarette Butts Are Rubbish, web page, archived 12 March 2026
  59. Keep Britain Tidy, Donation and Fundraising, website, undated, accessed May 2026
  60. Keep Britain Tidy, A Response from Keep Britain Tidy, website, undated, accessed May 2026
  61. Keep Britain Tidy, Annual Report & Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 March 2025. Available from charitycommission.gov.uk
  62. abcWorld Health Organization, Guidelines for implementation of Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 2008
  63. Hazel Cheeseman/Action on Smoking and Health, Keep Britain Tidy’s income tripled after receiving tobacco industry money: conflict of interest questions are inevitable, blog, 21 April 2026, accessed May 2026
  64. Communities and Local Government Committee, Litter and fly-tipping in England, Seventh Report of Session 2014-15, 10 March 2015, House of Commons. Available from publications.parliament.uk
  65. World Health Organization, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 2003
  66. abcUK Department of Health & Social Care, Guidance for government engagement with the tobacco industry, website, updated 11 February 2025, accessed April 2026
  67. abcLocal Government Association, Engagement with the tobacco industry: Guidance for local government, 13 December 2023. Available from local.gov.uk
  68. abAction on Smoking and Health/Centre for 21st Century Public Health, Briefing Note: Engagement with Keep Britain Tidy and Compliance with Article 5.3 of the FCTC, April 2026. Available from ash.org.uk
  69. A. Ralph, Nature minister snubs Keep Britain Tidy over tobacco cash, The Times, 10 May 2026, accessed May 2026 (paywall)
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